Mathematical  Culture and Thought

Mathematical Culture and Thought

The Heritage of Hilbert’s Nineteenth Problem

Document Type : Review

Author
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Iran
Abstract
Hilbert’s nineteenth problem concerns the regularity of partial differential
equations solutions. In this paper, we review some of the developments and important
results related to this problem. We also get a glimpse of two important classes of
problems in regularity theory, variational inequalities and minimal surfaces
Keywords

Subjects


[1] ‎Alexandrov‎, ‎A‎. ‎D.‎,‎The Dirichlet problem for the equation,‎ I‎. ‎Vestnik‎, ‎Leningrad Univ., 13 (1958)‎, ‎5-24‎.
‎[2] ‎Andersson‎, ‎J.‎, ‎Weiss‎, ‎G‎. ‎S.‎, ‎Cross-shaped and degenerate singularities in an unstable elliptic free boundary problem‎,
‎J‎. ‎Differential Equations, 228 (2006)‎, ‎633-640‎.
‎[3]‎Bernstein‎, ‎S‎. ‎N.‎, ‎Sur la nature analytique des solutions de certaines equations aux derivees parttielles du second order‎, ‎CR Acad‎. ‎Sci‎. ‎Paris, 137 (1903)‎, ‎778-781‎.
[4]‎Bombieri‎, ‎E.‎, ‎De Giorgi‎, ‎E.‎, ‎Giusti‎, ‎E.‎, ‎Minimal cones and the Bernstein problem‎,
‎Invent‎. ‎Math., 7 (1969)‎, ‎243-268‎.
[5]‎Brezis‎, ‎H.‎, ‎Browder‎, ‎F.‎, ‎Partial differential equations in the 20th century‎,
‎Adv‎. ‎Math. 135 (1998)‎, ‎76-144‎.
[6]‎‎Caffarelli‎, ‎L‎. ‎A.‎,‎The regularity of free boundaries in higher dimensions‎,
‎Acta Math.,‎139 (1977)‎, ‎155-184‎.
[7]‎‎Caffarelli‎, ‎L‎. ‎A.‎,‎The obstacle problem revisited‎,
‎J‎. ‎Fourier Anal‎. ‎Appl.,‎4 (1998)‎, ‎383-402‎.
[8]‎Caffarelli‎, ‎L‎. ‎A.‎, ‎Cabre‎, ‎X.‎,
‎Fully Nonlinear Elliptic Equations, ‎American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications‎, ‎vol‎. ‎43‎, ‎American Mathematical Society‎, ‎Providence‎, ‎RI‎, ‎1995‎.
[9]‎‎Cabre‎, ‎X.‎, ‎Caffarelli‎, ‎L‎. ‎A.‎,
‎Interior C2,a regularity theory for a class of nonconvex fully nonlinear elliptic equations‎,
‎J‎. ‎Math‎. ‎Pures Appl., 82 (2003)‎, ‎573-612‎.
[10]‎Calderon‎, ‎A‎. ‎P.‎, ‎Zygmund‎, ‎A.‎, ‎On the existence of certain singular integrals‎, ‎Acta Math., ‎88 (1952)‎, ‎85-139‎.
[11]De Giorgi, E., Sulla differenziabilitae l’analiticita delle estremali degli integrali multipli regolari,
Mem. Accad. Sc. Torino, C. Sc. Fis. Mat. Natur., 3 (1957), 25-43.
[12]De Giorgi, E., Una estensione del teorema di Bernstein, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci., 19
(1965), 79-85.
[13]De Giorgi, E., Una estensione del teorema di Bernstein, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci., 19
(1965), 79-85.
[14]Federer, H., The singular sets of area minimizing rectifiable currents with codimension one and
of area minimizing flat chains modulo two with arbitrary codimension, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 76
(1970), 767-771.
[15]Fleming, W. H., On the oriented Plateau problem, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo (2), 11 (1962), 69-90.
[16]Figalli, A., Joaquim S., On the fine structure of the free boundary for the classical obstacle problem,
Invent. Math., 215 (2019), 311-366.
[17]Frehse, J., On the regularity of the solution of a second order variational inequality, Boll. Un. Mat.
Ital. (4), 6 (1972), 312-315.
[18]Hilbert, D., Über das Dirichletsche Princip, Jahresber. Deutsch. Math.-Verein.-Vereinigung, 8
(1900), 184-187.
[19]Hopf, E., Zum analytischen Charakter der Lösungen regulärer zweidimensionaler Variationsprobleme,
Math. Z., 30 (1929), 404-413.
[20]Hopf, E., Über den funktionalen, insbesondere den analytischen Charakter der Lösungen elliptischer
Differentialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung, Math. Z., 34 (1932), 194-233.
[21]Ishii, H., On uniqueness and existence of viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear second‐order elliptic
PDE’s, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 42 (1989), 15-45.
[22]Kinderlehrer, D., Nirenberg, L., Regularity in free boundary problems, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup.
Pisa Cl. Sci., 4 (1977), 373-391.
[23]Lichtenstein, L., Über den analytischen Charakter der Lösungen Zweidimensionaler Variationsproblem,
Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovie Cl. Sci. Mat. Nat. A (1912), 915-941.
[24]Morrey Jr., C. B., On the solutions of quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations, Trans. Amer.
Math. Soc., 43 (1938), 126-166.
[25]Moser, J., A new proof of De Giorgi’s theorem concerning the regularity problem for elliptic
differential equations, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 13 (1960), 457-468.
[26]Nash, J., Continuity of solutions of parabolic and elliptic equations, Amer. J. Math., 80 (1958),
931-954.
[27]Nadirashvili, N., On Stationary Solutions of Two-Dimensional Euler Equation, Arch. Ration.
Mech. Anal., 209 (2013), 729-745.
[28]Nadirashvili, N., Vlădut, S., Nonclassical solutions of fully nonlinear elliptic equations, Geom.
Funct. Anal., 17 (2007), 1283-1296.
[29]Newson, M. W., Mathematical problems: Lecture delivered before the international congress of
mathematicians at Paris in 1900 by Professor David Hilbert, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 8 (1902),
437-479.
[30]Petrowsky, I. G., Sur l’analyticité des solutions des systèmes d’équations différentielles, Rec.
Math. Moscou, (2) 5 (1939), 3-70.
[31]Schaeffer, D. G., Some examples of singularities in a free boundary, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa,
4 (1977), 133–144.
[32]Shahgholian, H., C1,1 regularity in semilinear elliptic problems, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 56
(2003), 278-281.
[33]Simons, J., Minimal varieties in riemannian manifolds, Ann. of Math., (2) 88 (1968), 62-105.
[34]Stefan, J., Über einige Probleme der Theorie der Wärmeleitung, Aus den Sitzungsberichten d. kais.
Akademie d. Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathem.-naturw. Classe, 1889, XCVIII, Abth. II. a., 1889,
473-484.
[35]Uraltseva, N. N., Regularity of solutions of multidimensional elliptic equations and variational
problems, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 130 (1960), 1206-1209.
[36]‎‎Weyl‎, ‎H.‎, ‎The method of orthogonal projection in potential theory‎, ‎Duke Math‎. ‎J., 7 (1940)‎, ‎411-444‎.

  • Receive Date 28 January 2022
  • Revise Date 19 May 2022
  • Accept Date 19 May 2022
  • Publish Date 23 October 2022